第十二章 齿轮传动

12.1 概述

12.2 渐开线齿轮

12.3 渐开线标准直齿圆柱齿轮的啮合传动

12.4 渐开线齿轮的切齿原理及变位齿轮的概念

12.5 渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮传动的设计

12.6 其它齿轮传动


12.3 渐开线标准直齿圆柱齿轮的啮合传动

12.3.1 渐开线齿轮啮合传动特点

1.渐开线齿廓能保证瞬时传动比恒定

2.一对渐开线齿廓在任何位置啮合时,接触点的公法线都是同一条直线N1N2,这说明一对渐开线齿廓从开始啮合到脱离啮合所有啮合点均应在N1N2线上。因此,N1N2是两齿廓接触点的轨迹线,称为啮合线。由于啮合线与公法线是同一条直线,故齿廓间的正压力方向不变。这有利于齿轮传动的平稳性。

啮合线N1N2与过节点的两节圆公切线t-t所夹的锐角称为啮合角,用α’表示(图12-17),显然渐开线齿轮的啮合角也是不变的。

3.由图可知,△O1N1P∽△O2N2P,所以两轮的传动比还可以写成

12.3.2 渐开线齿轮啮合传动的条件

1.正确啮合条件

须满足pb1=pb2,且pb=πmcosα

m1=m2

α12

渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮的正确啮合条件是:两轮的模数和压力角分别相等。

2.标准安装条件

为了避免冲击、振动,理论上齿轮传动应为无侧隙传动。

对于满足正确啮合条件的一对标准齿轮,其分度圆上的齿厚与齿槽宽相等,即s=e=πm/2。所以,要保证无侧隙传动,要求分度圆与节圆重合。分度圆与节圆重合的安装称为标准安装,此时的中心距称为标准中心距。

3.连续传动条件

1)渐开线齿轮的啮合过程

2)连续传动条件

ε称为重合度,它表明同时参与啮合轮齿的对数。ε=1 表明始终有一对齿啮合,ε=2 表明始终有两对齿啮合,而ε=1.3 表明在齿轮转过一个基圆齿距的时间内有30%的时间是两对齿啮合,70%的时间是一对齿啮合。


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