第十章 凸轮机构

10.1 凸轮机构的应用与分类

10.2 从动件的常用运动规律

10.3 移动从动件盘形凸轮轮廓曲线的图解设计


10.2 从动件的常用运动规律

10.2.1 凸轮轮廓曲线与从动件运动规律的关系

名词:基圆  基圆半径 r凸轮转角 推程  回程  升程h  推程运动角 

位移线图:描述从动杆位移与凸轮转角之间关系的图形。

10.2.2 从动件的常用运动规律

1.等速运动规律

等速运动规律是指从动件在推程或回程的运动速度为常数的运动规律。

    由图可见,从动件在推程始末两点处,速度有突变,瞬时加速度理论上为无穷大,因而产生理论上亦为无穷大的惯性力。而实际上,由于构件材料的弹性变形,加速度和惯性力不至于达到无穷大,但仍会对机构造成强烈的冲击,这种冲击称为“刚性冲击”。因此,采用等速运动规律,只能用于凸轮转速很低以及轻载的场合。

2. 等加速等减速运动规律

等加速等减速运动规律是指从动件在一个行程中,前半行程作等加速运动,后半行程作等减速运动的运动规律。

    由图可见,在推程的始末点和前、后半程的交接处,加速度有突变,因而惯性力也产生突变,但它们的大小及突变量均为有限值,由此将对机构造成有限大小的冲击,这种冲击称为“柔性冲击”。在高速情况下,柔性冲击仍会引起相当严重的振动、噪声和磨损,因此这种运动规律只适用于中速、中载的场合。


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